HOW DO FIBER OPTIC CABLES TRANSMIT DATA?

Fiber-optic technology is now easily available to businesses in cities and states throughout the country, making Internet access via fiber-optic cables a powerful alternative to satellite and copper connections. When considering fiber Internet, the first question most people ask is, “How do fiber-optic cables transmit data differently than other Internet alternatives?” Here’s a brief introduction to the subject, “How do fiber optic cables transmit data?” 

Optical fiber transmission, that is, data and signal transmission using optical fiber as a medium. Optical fibers can not only be used to transmit analog and digital signals, but also meet the needs of video transmission. Optical fiber transmission is generally carried out using optical cables. The data transmission rate of a single optical fiber can reach several Gbps, and the transmission distance can reach tens of kilometers without using repeaters.

The transmission process is that the light-emitting diode LED or the injection laser diode ILD emits an optical signal to propagate along the optical medium, and at the other end, a PIN or APD photodiode is used as a detector to receive the signal. The modulation of the optical carrier is amplitude shift keying, also known as brightness modulation. A typical approach is to represent two binary numbers with the appearance and disappearance of light at a given frequency. Both the light-emitting diode LED and the injection laser diode ILD signal can be modulated in this way, and the PIN and ILD detectors respond directly to the luminance modulation.

Because fiber optics uses light rather than electrical signals to transmit data, fiber-optic cable speed is incredibly fast ― close to the speed of light. Fiber optic cables have a broader range of frequencies over which data can travel without loss of quality than do copper wire or satellite connections. This enables fiber Internet solutions to offer significantly higher bandwidth capacity than the alternatives.

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